Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Yun Kyung Kang

25 Articles

Expression of Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma.: Yun Kyung Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(3):281-289.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.3.281

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BACKGROUND
Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) encoded by ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (Mdr/Tap), member 1 (ABCB1) mediates cross-resistance to antineoplastic drugs, and its expression is related to tumor aggressiveness.
METHODS
MDR1 expression was investigated in 100 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) by immunohistochemical staining. The epigenetic mechanisms underlying ABCB1 transcriptional regulation were investigated in cell lines.
RESULTS
MDR1 was normally localized in the bile canalicular surface of the hepatocytes. Among 100 HCCs, 45 showed canalicular/luminal (CL) staining similar to the normal pattern, another 45 displayed membranous/cytoplasmic (MC) overexpression, and the remaining 10 revealed loss of expression. MC pattern or null staining of HCCs correlated with a higher histological grade and had a poorer prognosis than HCCs with a CL pattern (p<0.05). They also tended to have a poor prognosis by multivariate survival analysis. The ABCB1 promoter was hypomethylated regardless of MDR1 expression or ABCB1 mRNA levels in 10 HCC cell lines. Histone deacetylase inhibitor treatment induced ABCB1 upregulation in 4 cell lines with low or moderate ABCB1 levels.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that either an increase or a loss of MDR1 expression may contribute to the poor outcome of HCCs; histone deacetylation may be one of the epigenetic mechanisms directing the ABCB1 expression in HCCs.

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Preferential expression of prostate specific membrane in CD34 labeled Neo-vasculature of Hepatocellular carcinoma: Prognostic and therapeutic potentials
Safaa MM Abd El Khalek, Mona QR Mohammed, Amira M Al Balakosy
Egyptian Journal of Pathology.2023; 43(1): 66. CrossRef

WHO Classification of Malignant Lymphomas in Korea: Report of the Third Nationwide Study.: Jin Man Kim, Young Hyeh Ko, Seung Sook Lee, Jooryung Huh, Chang Suk Kang, Chul Woo Kim, Yun Kyung Kang, Jai Hyang Go, Min Kyung Kim, Wan Seop Kim, Yoon Jung Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Jong Hee Nam, Hyung Bae Moon, Chan Kum Park, Tae In Park, Young Ha Oh, Dong Wha Lee, Jong Sil Lee, Juhie Lee, Hyekyung Lee, Sung Chul Lim, Kyu Yun Jang, Hee Kyung Chang, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Hye Ra Jung, Min Sun Cho, Hee Jeong Cha, Suk Jin Choi, Jae Ho Han, Sook Hee Hong, Insun Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(3):254-260.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.3.254

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
The aim of study was to determine the relative frequency of malignant lymphoma according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification in Korea.
METHODS
A total of 3,998 cases diagnosed at 31 institutes between 2005 and 2006 were enrolled. Information including age, gender, pathologic diagnosis, site of involvement and immunophenotypes were obtained.
RESULTS
The relative frequency of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) was 95.4% and 4.6%, respectively. B-cell lymphomas accounted for 77.6% of all NHL, while T/natural killer (T/NK)-cell lymphomas accounted for 22.4%. The most frequent subtypes of NHL were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (42.7%), extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZBCL) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (19.0%), NK/T-cell lymphoma (6.3%) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), unspecified (6.3%), in decreasing order. The relative frequency of HL was nodular sclerosis (47.4%), mixed cellularity (30.6%), and nodular lymphocyte predominant (12.1%) subtypes. Compared with a previous study in 1998, increase in gastric MZBCL and nodular sclerosis HL, and slight decrease of follicular lymphoma, PTCL, and NK/T-cell lymphoma were observed.
CONCLUSIONS
Korea had lower rates of HL and follicular lymphoma, and higher rates of extranodal NHL, extranodal MZBCL, and NK/T-cell lymphoma of nasal type compared with Western countries. Changes in the relative frequency of lymphoma subtypes are likely ascribed to refined diagnostic criteria and a change in national health care policy.

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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2017; 14(4): 344. CrossRef
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Oncotarget.2017; 8(54): 92289. CrossRef
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Benign Indolent CD56-Positive NK-Cell Lymphoproliferative Lesion Involving Gastrointestinal Tract in an Adolescent
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Korean Pediatric/Adolescent Lymphoma: Incidence and Pathologic Characteristics.: Seung Sook Lee, Jin Man Kim, Young Hyeh Ko, Jooryung Huh, Chang Suk Kang, Chul Woo Kim, Yun Kyung Kang, Jai Hyang Go, Min Kyung Kim, Wan Seop Kim, Yoon Jung Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Jong Hee Nam, Hyung Bae Moon, Chan Kum Park, Tae In Park, Young Ha Oh, Dong Wha Lee, Jong Sil Lee, Juhie Lee, Hyekyung Lee, Sung Chul Lim, Kyu Yun Jang, Hee Kyung Chang, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Hye Ra Jung, Min Sun Cho, Hee Jeong Cha, Suk Jin Choi, Jae Ho Han, Sook Hee Hong, Insun Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(2):117-124.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.2.117

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
The Hematopathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists conducted a nation-wide retrospective analysis of Korean pediatric lymphoma, to provide pathologic data on pediatric/adolescent lymphoma subtypes and features.
METHODS
All lymphoma cases of all age groups were collected during a recent 2 year-period (2005-2006) from 32 institutes in Korea. Among 3,686 lymphoma patients, 142 who were age 18 or less were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification.
RESULTS
Among 142 pediatric/adolescent lymphoma patients, Hodgkin lymphoma accounted for 21 (14.8%) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) for 121 (85.2%). Hodgkin lymphoma appears to be more common in the pediatric/adolescent age group than in the all-ages group (14.8% vs 4.4%). T- and natural killer cell-NHL was more common in the pediatric/adolescent age group than in the all ages group (46.3% vs 22%). The majority of Korean pediatric/adolescent NHL cases was composed of Burkitt lymphoma, T- or B-lymphoblastic lymphoma, anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. For lymphoma patients under the age of 6 years, most had B-lymphoblastic or Burkitt lymphoma, which commonly presented at extranodal sites.
CONCLUSIONS
The distribution of lymphoma subtypes in the pediatric/adolescent age group is quite different from the distribution of adults, but it was quite similar to distribution in Western countries.

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A Case of Nasal Type Extranodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma Incidentally Detected in a Child
Ha Jin Oh, Sang Hyun Park, Hae In Jang, Dong Hoon Lee, Yoo Duk Choi, Hee Jo Baek, Hoon Kook
Clinical Pediatric Hematology-Oncology.2015; 22(1): 76. CrossRef

Uterine Cervical Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Concurrent with High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Case Report.: Yun Kyung Kang, Jae Whoan Koh; Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(6):389-392.

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Abstract PDF: Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the uterine cervix is a rare and aggressive malignancy. We report a case of uterine cervical LCNEC concurrent with high grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-SIN). The LCNEC expressed chromogranin A and thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1). The HG-SIN was negative for these markers. Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 18 was positive in LCNEC whereas both type 16 and 18 were positive in HG-SIN by nested polymerase chain reaction. This case showed TTF1 positivity nonetheless diagnosed as a primary uterine cervical LCNEC confirmed by the detection of HPV genome within the tumor. It is critical to recognize LCNEC of the uterine cervix even in the small biopsy specimen because it is a distinctive clinicopathological entity with highly aggressive behavior and unfavorable outcome.

Porposal for Creating a Guideline for Cancer Registration of the Gastrointestinal Tumors (I).: Mee Yon Cho, Yun Kyung Kang, Kyoung Mee Kim, Hee Kyung Chang, Hee Jin Chang, Mee Soo Chang, Joon Mee Kim, Dae Young Kang, Chanil Park, Jin Hee Sohn; Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(3):140-150.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Cancer registries are fundamental for cancer control and multicenter collaborative research. However, there have been discrepancies among pathologists in classifying cancer and assigning the codes according to the International Classification of Disease Oncology 3 (ICD-O3). To improve the quality of cancer registries as well as to prevent the conflict with medical insurance compensation, a guideline for the coding of cancer is mandatory.
METHODS
AND RESULTS: Funded by the Management Center for Health Promotion, 40 members of the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group and the Cancer Registration Committee of the Korean Society of Pathologists participated in the 1st workshop for gastrointestinal tumor registration. The subjects of gastric epithelial tumor, intramucosal carcinoma of the colon, carcinoid tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumor and appendiceal mucinous tumor were discussed to create a guideline. A survey to obtain consensus for the guideline proposed by the workshop was carried out by the members of the Korean Society of Pathologists and 240 members completed the questionnaire.
CONCLUSION
Although there are some issues to be discussed further, such as coding of high grade dysplasia/adenoma and intramucosal carcinoma of stomach and colon, the members agreed upon most parts of the proposed guideline. Therefore, we suggest using the ICD-O3 coding guideline for gastrointestinal tumor.

A Positive Hybrid (HMW-CK and E-Cadherin) Carcinoma in situ Arising in a Phyllodes Tumor of the Breast: A Case Report.: Yun Kyung Kang, Young Hyeh Ko; Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(2):113-117.

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Abstract PDF: Malignant transformation in phyllodes tumor (PT) is uncommon and almost always confined to the stromal component. Epithelial changes like hyperplasia, metaplasia, and varying degrees of atypia are not uncommon in PT, whereas carcinomatous change is extremely rare. We report a 37-year-old woman with carcinoma in situ (CIS) arising in a benign PT. Grossly, it was a well circumscribed, 4.5 cm-sized mass. The CIS component was confined to the PT and showed overlapping ductal and lobular features with coexpression of E-cadherin and high molecular weight cytokeratin (HMW-CK). The present case emphasizes that careful investigation of multiple microscopic sections is mandatory to find a small carcinomatous lesion within PT. Expression of E-cadherin and HWM-CK in this hybrid CIS suggests that intraepithelial neoplasia of the breast arising in PT may be derived from a common progenitor of the terminal duct-lobular unit.

Undifferentiated Gallbladder Carcinoma with Osteoclast-like Giant Cells: A Case Report.: Yun Kyung Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(2):127-131.

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Abstract PDF: Undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (OGCs) is the least common type of gallbladder carcinoma. Here, the author presents a case of undifferentiated gallbladder carcinoma with OGCs in an 81-year-old male patient. Grossly, the tumor was a 10x7 cm sized, polypoid, lumen-filling mass with extensive hemorrhage and necrosis. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of pleomorphic ovoid to spindle cells admixed with numerous OGCs. There was a minute focus of mucosal dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. Immunohistochemically, the mononuclear cells were positive for cytokeratin, p53 and Ki-67, while the OGCs were negative for these markers but positive for CD68. These findings support an epithelial origin for the ovoid to spindle cells and the nonneoplastic reactive histiocytic lineage of the OGCs.

Ovarian and Pituitary Metastasis from Adenocarcinoma of the Lung: A Case Report.: Yun Kyung Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(6):452-455.

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Abstract PDF: Ovarian metastasis as the first manifestation of a lung adenocarcinoma is an exceptionally rare condition and is often difficult to distinguish from primary ovarian carcinoma. Metastatic cancers of the pituitary gland are also very rarely recognized. This case concerns a 30-year-old woman who exhibited a unilateral ovarian mass that was initially diagnosed as a well- to moderately- differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma. A month later, she was found to have a lung cancer. A year later, she developed a solitary pituitary mass. After immunohistochemical staining for thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), she was diagnosed with pulmonary adenocarcinoma with metastases to her right ovary and pituitary gland. This could be the first case of primary lung adenocarcinoma metastasis to two unusual secondary sites, the ovary and pituitary gland, without widespread systemic metastasis. In the differential diagnosis of an ovarian adenocarcinoma, metastatic carcinoma from the lung should be considered. Immunohistochemical staining for TTF-1 would be helpful as well.

Microsatellite Instability and Mismatch Repair Protein (hMLH1, hMSH2) Expression in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.: Yun Kyung Kang, Woo Ho Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(1):9-14.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
To clarify the role of the mismatch repair (MMR) system in the carcinogenesis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), we investigated the microsatellite instability (MSI) status and MMR protein expression in ICC.
METHODS
Thirty-six cases of ICCs were examined by microsatellite analysis for 55 markers that encompassed all of the chromosomal arms and BAT26. An immunohistochemical study for hMLH1 and hMSH2 was also performed.
RESULTS
Widespread MSI (MSI-H) accompanied with a loss of hMLH1 expression was found in one case (2.8%). This MSI-H case was an adenosquamous carcinoma showing intraductal tubulopapillary adenocarcinoma and invasive adenosquamous carcinoma component. Loss of hMLH1 was noted in both components while the frequency and shifted band patterns of MSI were not identical between the components. Another 10 ICCs (27.8%) revealed low level MSI with preserved MMR gene expression.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggested that a genetic defect in the MMR system and MSI is not a major pathway in the carcinogenesis of ICC.

Altered Expression of p53, p21WAF1, p16, Rb, Smad4 and c-erbB-2 in Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.: Yun Kyung Kang, Woo Ho Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2002;36(6):382-388.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Our aim was to undertake a comprehensive analysis of the expression of key molecular markers in a series of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and to determine their association with clinicopathologic variables.
METHODS
By using immunohistochemical staining, we examined the expressions of five tumor suppressor genes (p53, p21WAF1, p16, Rb, Smad4) and a growth factor receptor (c-erbB-2) in 52 surgically resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas.
RESULTS
Abnormal nuclear overexpression of p53 was noted in 28/52 (53.8%) cases. Total loss of p21WAF1, p16, Rb, and Smad4 was detected in 15/52 (28.8%), 33/52 (63.5%), 4/52 (7.7%), and 26/52 (50%) cases, respectively. Overexpression of c-erbB-2 was noted in 21/52 (40.4%) cases. Forty-nine (94.2%) cases revealed aberration of at least one of the markers examined. There was a positive correlation between p53 and c-erbB-2 overexpression (p<0.05). Among the examined genes, overexpression of c-erbB-2 was found to have a positive relationship with the tumor stage (p<0.05). There was also a significant correlation between the histologic grade and the number of abnormally expressed genes per tumor (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
Among the various tumor-associated proteins evaluated in this study, c-erbB-2 could have the most likely clinical implication.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising from Mature Cystic Teratoma of the Ovary: A report of three cases .: Mee Joo, Han Nae Min, Yun Kyung Kang, Hye Kyung Lee, Young Chae Cho, Eung Soo Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(12):1211-1215.

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Abstract PDF: Malignant transformation develops in a little less than 2% of mature cystic teratomas. A wide variety of malignant tumors may arise within benign mature cystic teratomas, and the most common of these is squamous cell carcinoma, which account for 75~85%. In general, the tumors are in an advanced stage and the prognosis is poor as most patients die within a year. However, when the tumor is confined to the ovary, they have a good prognosis and the 5-year survival rate is 63~83%. We experienced three cases of squamous cell carcinoma arising in mature cystic teratoma. Two of the carcinomas occurred in postmenopausal women: 58-(case 1) and 66-(case 2) year-old, and were confined to the ovaries. They were alive 37 months and 18 months after the operation, respectively. The third case was a 45-year-old premenopausal woman who had an extraovarian extension of the tumor and early recurrence within two months. Histologically, cases 1 and 3 were conventional well to moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinomas and case 2 showed a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with exuberant proliferating trichilemmal tumor-like areas.

Cryptosporidium Infection of Human Intestine: An Electron Microscopic Observation.: Min Suk Kim, Yun Kyung Kang, Chul Jong Yoon, Mee Joo, Hye Kyung Lee, Jeong Gi Seo, Je G Chi; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(2):121-127.

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Abstract: Protozoa of the genus Cryptosporidium are small coccidian parasite known to infect the mucosal epithelium of a variety of animals including human, causing fatal course in immunodeficient patients as well as self-limited illness in healthy individuals. Various life cycle stages including trophozoite, meront, merozoite, gametocyte and oocyst in infected mucosa are a diagnostic feature. Electron microscopy (EM) provides sufficient findings for genus and species identification of this parasitic organism. The authors presented scanning and transmission EM findings of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in two children: one with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the other without any evidence of immune compromise.

Cellular Schwannoma Arising in a Facial Nerve.: Mee Joo, Hye Sung Kim, Yun Kyung Kang, Hye Kyung Lee, Jae Young Park; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(7):688-691.

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Abstract PDF: Cellular schwaninoma is a variant of schwannoma, which is characterized by predominance of cellular Antoni A area, presence of mitotic activity, nuclear hyperchromasia, pleomorphism, and absence of Verocay body. These pathologic features often prompted a misdiagnosis of malignancy. However, the clinical outcome has indicated the benignity of the tumor. We have experienced a case of cellular schwannoma arising from right facial nerve with right hemifacial weakness and erosion of mastoid process. Grossly, it was a 3.5 x 3 cm sized and relatively well encapsulated mass with yellowish, friable cut surface. Microscopically, cellular growth with moderate cellular pleomorphism and some mitotic activity (5/40 HPFS, up to 2/HPF) were noted. Immunostaining for S-100 protein showed diffuse strong positive reaction.

Ectopic Paragonimiasis Presented as Multiple Colonic and Liver Masses.: Hye Sung Kim, Young Soo Lee, Yun Kyung Kang, Hye Kyung Lee, Jun Hee Kim, Hyuk Sang Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(4):357-360.

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Abstract PDF: Ectopic paragonimiasis has been diagnosed in many organs such as the mesentery, ovary, pleura, central nervous system, subcutis and very rarely in the liver. However, simultaneous involvement of the colon and liver, which mimics colonic cancer with liver metastasis, is quite unusual, and to our knowledge has never been reported. Our case is a 63 year old woman who visited our hospital because of upper abdominal pain. Radiologically, space occupying lesions were detected in the transverse colon, mesocolon and left hepatic lobe. After the radical presection, they were proved to be an ectopic paragonimiasis forming multiple cavitary parasitic granulomas with Charcot-Leyden crystals and degenerating eggs.

Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura in Mediastinum.: Yun Kyung Kang, Hyun Joo Yoo, Ho Kee Yum, Hong Sup Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(4):351-356.

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Abstract PDF: Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) most often involve the pleura and also may encompass the peritoneum and nonserosal sites. They occur as solitary encapsulated tumors and pursue a relatively benign clinical course. The usual criteria for malignancy are high cellularity, mitotic activity (more than 4 per 10 high-power fields), cellular pleomorphism, hemorrhage and necrosis as well as infiltrative growth. We report a case of malignant SFT of pleura who presented with an anterior mediastinal mass. Grossly, it was a 10x8x6.5 cm sized, encapsulated and well-demarcated, solid neoplasm with areas of extensive necrosis. Microscopically, parallel or haphazard arrangement of spindle cells with variable degrees of collagenous background were noted. Storiform fascicle formation, hemangiopericytoma-like pattern, and epithelioid cell clusters were often intermingled. Nodular areas with high cellularity and mitotic activity (> or =10/10 HPFs) were scattered throughout the neoplasm, however no definite cellular pleomorphism was encountered. Tumor cells were immunoreactive for vimentin and CD-34, which distinguished them from the mesothelial cells. Electron microscopically, they revealed fibroblastic and myofibroblastic differentiation.

Incidence of Acute Placental Inflammation through Histopathological Analysis: One year experience in 1995 at Seoul National University Hospital.: Hyun Ju Yoo, Yun Kyung Kang, Chong Jai Kim, Jung Sun Kim, Tae Sook Kim, Kyung Cheun Jung, Kyo Hoon Park, Jong Kwan Jun, Bo Hyun Yoon; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(12):1123-1128.

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Abstract PDF: The diagnosis of acute inflammation of the placenta, represented as acute chorioamnionitis, is important in that it is associated with a poor clinical outcome for both the mother and the fetus, including major perinatal morbidities such as sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, and CNS damage. However, current medical trends in Korea seem to overlook the significance of a histopathological diagnosis of acute placental inflammation, mainly due to the indifferences of clinicians and pathologists. Since late 1993, histopathological examinations have been performed on preterm placentas at Seoul National University. These examinations have demonstrated acute placental inflammation in a significant number of cases. In the present study the incidence of acute placental inflammation was analyzed in 521 placentas which were submitted for pathological examinations in 1995. Examinations were performed to provide basic information on the incidence and profile of acute placental inflammation in this hospital and, thereby, to emphasize the significance of histopathological examinations of the placenta in the routine surgical pathology service. Among the 521 placentas, acute inflammation was found in 194 cases (37.2%). In preterm placentas acute inflammation was found in 39.6% of the cases (67/169), while 36.1% (127/352) of term placentas showed acute inflammation. Taking the delivery mode into account, 26.3% (49/186) of the placentas delivered by cesarean section showed acute inflammation, while 43.3% (145/335) of the transvaginally delivered placentas showed inflammation. The present analysis demonstrates the existence of acute inflammation in a significant proportion of placentas with different clinical settings. The importance of a histopathological examination in routine hospital practice should be emphasized.

Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney: A case in 39 year old man.: Hyun Ju Yoo, Yun Kyung Kang, Mee Joo, Hye Kyung Lee, Dae Woo Kim, Suk San Park; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(12):1138-1143.

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Abstract PDF: Clear cell sarcoma of kidney(CCSK) is a rare pediatric neoplasm characterized by a predominating component of clear cells, a predilection for metastases to bone, and a poor prognosis. The incidence of CCSK peaks during the 2nd year of life and adult cases are very rare. We report a case of CCSK encountered in the right kidney of a 39-year-old man. Grossly, it was a lobulated mass showing infiltrative margin, measured 7x5.5x5cm and had a homogeneous gray-tan color with a soft, fish-flesh consistency. Microscopically, about half of the tumor revealed the classic pattern of CCSK, having tumor cell cords or nests separated by the characteristic alveolar capillary networks. The tumor cells had clear pale cytoplasm, bland looking round nuclei and inconspicuous nucleoli. The other half showed the epithelioid-trabecular pattern forming pseudorosette or cord-like structures. Immunohistochemically, there was only a focal positive reaction to vimentin. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells showed the primitive nephrogenic mesenchymal differentiation such as electron lucent cytoplasm, a small amount of organelles, scanty heterochromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, and a lack of flocculant basal lamina material around the cytoplasmic membrane. We consider that this is a case of CCSK occuring in the oldest patient ever reported, confirmed by both immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy.

Ceruminous Gland Tumors: 5 cases report.: Yun Kyung Kang, Je G Chi; Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(4):414-419.

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Abstract PDF: Tumors of the ceruminous gland are rare. However, careful histologic evaluation and classification are necessary for the proper treatment and ultimate prognosis. We present 5 cases of ceruminous gland tumors. Case l (73/M) and case 2 (52/M) were adenoid cystic carcinoma. They presented with protuding masses in the left external auditory canal for several months. Case 3 (76/M) was a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of auditory canal, who presented with right ear swelling. The mass recurred 3 years after the surgical resection and combined radiation therapy. Case 4 (60/F) and case 5 (2l/F) were ceruminous adenoma, which showed diffuse or focal areas of glandular structures with one-or two-layer of eosinophilic columnar to cuboidal cells and sometimes with myoepithelial cells. These tumors showed non-infil-trative growth pattern and lack of mitosis, and had no capsule.

Gastrointestinal Cytomegalovirus Infection: A clinicopathologic analysis of 8 cases.: Yun Kyung Kang, Sang Yong Song, Woo Ho Kim, Yong Il Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(1):22-29.

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Abstract PDF: We analysed 8 cases of gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection including one autopsy, three surgically resected and four endoscopic biopsy cases. Involved sites were colon in four,stomach in three and small intestine in one. Three of them were associated with immu-nosuppressed condition but others had no clinical evidence of immune deficiency. Multiple aphthous mucosal ulceration was a common presentation, but one revealed a mucosal ulcer with segmental narrowing and thickening of wall. Microscopically, six showed cytomegalic inclusions in endothelial cells and fibroblasts, one in mucosal epithelial cells and the remaining one in both endothelial cells and mucosal epithelial cells. Immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibody against CMV confirmed postive result in seven cases. Serum IgM anti-CMV antibody was elevated in one case. We conclude that gastrointestinal CMV infection is currently not a rare condition and frequently associated with non-immunosuppressed condition, and thus a thorough histologic examination is required especially in the gastrointestinal ulcerative lesion. Once cytomegalic inclusion is suspected, immunohistochemical identification of CMV seems essential for specific diagnosis.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of malignant ameloblastoma metastasized to the lung-a case report-.: Yun Kyung Kang, In Ae Park, Chang Yun Lim, Eui Keun Ham, Sang Kook Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1993;4(2):167-170.

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Abstract: No abstract available.

Pseudosarcomatous Variant of Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis.: Yun Kyung Kang, Ta Jin Kim, Yong Il Kim, Si Whang Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1992;26(6):610-614.

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Abstract PDF: We report a case of pseudosarcomatous variant of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis which showed grossly and microscopically the distinct biphasic growth patterns. Grossly, most part of the tumor showed solid growth protruding into the renal pelvic cavity as well as infiltrating into the parenchyma of lower pole. The overlying pelvic mucosa was replaced by a diffuse, papillary transitional cell carcinoma, and the solid mass was composed of pleomorphic spindle cell sarcomatoid component with frequent myxoid change and a few foci of osteoid deposit. Ultrastructural study of the spindle cells revealed epithelial differentiation featured with rich cytoplasmic organelles, basal lamina and basement membrane-like structures, although immunohistochemistry failed to detect epithelial differentiation.

Cytologic Heterogeneity of Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Stomach: Histochemical and electron microscopic observations.: Yun Kyung Kang, Yong Il Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1992;26(5):427-435.

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Abstract PDF: The cytologic heterogeneity of the tumor cells in gastric signet ring cell carcinoma was studied with 13 surgically early gastric carcinoma specimens by means of histochemical stainings on mucin(periodic acid Schiff-alcian blue at pH 2.5, paradoxical concanavalin A, high iron diamine) and electron microscopy. Of the 13 cases of early gastric cell carcinomas, 6 were mucosal type and 7 were submucosal type. Eleven cases consisted of mixture of gastric and intestinal type signet ring cells and the remaining 2 of the mucosal type were entirely made of gastric type. The colonic goblet cell type was found in 4 of the submucosal type. Within the mucosa the tumor cells showed a layering phenomenon; type A signet ring cells were distributed at the central zone and type B and C at the superficial or deeper zone. Each type of signet ring cell showed variable mucin histochemical stainability of gastric and/or intestinal nature. Above finding strongly suggest that the variable phenotypes of signet ring cells result from a heterogeneity of cytoplasmic mucin as well as different stages of differentiation of signet ring carcinoma cells.

Primary Angiosarcoma of the Spleen associated with Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome: Report of a case.: Mee Soo Chang, Yun Kyung Kang, Yong Il Kim, Kun Wook Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1992;26(4):389-393.

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Abstract PDF: A 46-year-old woman presented with multiple purpuric skin rashes together with splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia. The resected spleen weighed 720 gm, and contained multiple, discrete, dark red, bulging nodules throughout the entire splenic parenchyma. Microscopically, the nodules revealed various range of endothelial cell proliferation which included cavernous vasculature, anastomosing vascular channels, papillary intravascular growth and solid pattern. Intrasinusoidal sequestration of platelets along with extramedullary hematopoiesis was present in the neoplastic vascular spacws. Neither exposure to thorotrast nor vinyl chloride was nonfirmed. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells demonstrated a row of pinocytotic vesicles, occasional intercellular junctional structures, and the paucity/absence of filamentous structures or Weibel-Palade bodies supports origin of sinus lining type cells. After splenectomy, the thrombocyte count returned to normal. We conclude this is the first case of primary splenic angiosarcoma with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome in Korean literature.

Primary Appendiceal Papillary Adenocarcinoma of Colonic Type: Report of a case.: Yun Kyung Kang, Ghee Young Choe, Yong Il Kim, Kuk Jin Choe; Korean J Pathol. 1992;26(3):306-309.

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Abstract PDF: We report a case of colonic type-papillary adenocarcinoma of appendiceal origin in a 73-year-old male patient. The patient presented with right lower quadrant mass and was operated for a preoperative diagnosis of inflammatory small bowel mass. The mid one-third of the appendix showed a 3.5x3.3 cm sized, broad-based, intraluminal papillary mass. Microscopically, it was a well differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma and revealed a strong immunoreactivity to carcinoembryonic antigen. Tumor desmoplasia and acute inflammatory change were prominent.

Ciliated Foregut Cyst of the Liver: Report of a case.: Yun Kyung Kang, Yong Il Kim, Hyun Soon Lee, Soong Duk Lee, Kuk Jin Choe; Korean J Pathol. 1991;25(3):278-280.

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Abstract PDF: We report a case of ciliated hepatic foregut cyst which was incidentally found in a 64 year-old man. The cyst, 6 cm in diameter, was unilocular, solitary and was located in the medial segment of left lobe, just below the Glisson's capsule. Microscopically, the cyst wall consisted of 4 layers; pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, subepithelial loose connective tissue, smooth muscle bundles and an outermost fibrous capsule. Although cartilage or subepithelial sero-mucous glands were absent, the morphologic features of the cyst correspond with those of an incomplete form of brochogenic cyst.

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